HSY算法在水质模型参数识别中的应用探讨

参数识别是水质模拟中的技术核心，数据稀缺是水质模型经常面临的问题。采用HSY算法可求得模型参数的分布，而不再是一个单一的最优参数，从而在一定程度上避免了由于“最优”参数失真带来的决策风险，本文以南水北调一期工为例，讨论了在稀疏数据条件下如何应用HSY算法识别CSTR水质模型的参数，并对识别的模型参数进行了检验。模型检验采取了2种方法：分别用动态和稳态计算方法得出的参数进行比较；用模拟结果分布于实测值进行比较。结果表明，HSY算法为稀疏数据条件下进行识别、建立数学模型提供了一条有效的途径。     

电生羟基自由基降解有机染料的研究

以Pb／PbO2为工作电极，以CoSO4为催化剂，利用电生羟基自由基对中性红、罗丹明B、碱性品红等3种有机染料进行了降解。并且研究了电解电位、pH值、温度等因素对染料降解脱色的影响。结果表明．脱色率接近100％，COD去除率达90％以上。实验证明反应符合一级反应动力学模式，实验还测定了动力学参数。     

连云港市水环境整治规划研究

本文在“控源导流”思想的指导下，根据连云港市水环境污染现状，提出了连云港市水环境整治规划方案，它包括蔷薇河水源保护工程、新沂河污水资源化生态工程、市区（新海地区）污水治理工程、石梁河水库水源保护工程和四县城区污水治理工程五大工程，试图根治连云港市水污染。     

Quality control and flux gap filling strategy for Bowen ratio method: revisiting the Priestley–Taylor evaporation model

Micrometeorological measurements were made over an irrigated rice paddy during the Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) in 1999. This study addresses the quality control and gap filling strategy for the heat fluxes with the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method. It also endeavors to benefit future studies through comparing five methodologies to estimate the net water exchange. First, a three-step quality control strategy is constructed. Its first two steps guarantee the correct flux directions and reject suspicious data, respectively. The third step forbids supersaturation by considering the Bowen ratio ranges for different flux combinations (termed as “scenarios”). The quality-controlled latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes fall in three scenarios, namely I (LE > 0, H > 0), II (LE > 0, H < 0), and IV (LE < 0, H < 0). Second, the Priestley–Taylor evaporation model (PTEM) is applied to fill the gaps of LE, while the energy balance relationship is used to gap-fill H, namely H = R _N − G − LE (R _N : net radiation; G: soil heat flux). Central to the success of this strategy is the idea to calibrate the Priestley–Taylor parameter (α) in a scenario-specific manner. On average, α values are calibrated as 1.20 and 1.35 for scenario I and II, respectively. For scenario IV, most α values lie in a narrow range, namely from 0.9 to 1.0. Then, α is calibrated as 0.97 to extend the applicability of the PTEM to condensation (negative LE). The scenario-specific treatment explicitly explains the diurnal variation of α derived without distinguishing the scenarios. Third, five methodologies are compared in the calculation of net water exchange, including PTEM-gap-filled BREB method (M1), energy-balance-based eddy covariance method (M2), and three simplified models to estimate LE, respectively as R _N − H, R _N − G, and R _N . A major finding is that G and H have a similar effect of about 3% in the net water exchange. Thus, if either is neglected, the net evaporation should be slightly lowered to avoid overestimate, by 3% as a rule of thumb from this work.     

紫露草微核技术检测单甲脒农药的致突变性

本文通过对紫露草微核技术检测单甲脒的致突变性，结果表明，随着单脒浓度的增加，紫露草花粉母细胞四分体微核率明显增高，并与蒸馏水（阴性对照）比较有显著差异（Ｐ〉０．００１），显示单甲脒对植物具有一定的致突性。     

Effect of nitrification inhibitor on plant biomass and N2O emission rates in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT

Treatment with nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) have been strongly indicated to increase grassland biomass and mitigate soil N₂O emission rates. However, the responses of both alpine meadow aboveground biomass and N₂O emission rates to nitrification inhibitors remains unclear. We separately applied three doses of DCD and DMPP to alpine grassland soils with three duplicates. The biomass and N₂O emission rates were subsequently measured by a clear-cut method and in-situ static chamber gas chromatography during the growing season. Our findings indicated that aboveground biomass increased significantly, and N₂O emission rate decreased significantly at 6.8?kg?ha^?1 DCD and DMPP. Furthermore, the biomass increase effect was more significant than the N₂O emission rate mitigation effect (p?<?0.05). The highest ratios of DCD treatments on meadow production increase and N₂O emission rate decrease were 27.2% and 36.3%, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the enhanced grassland primary production and decreased N₂O flux by nitrification inhibitor treatment in alpine meadows, which may be beneficial to help mitigate global warming.     

油气田环境监测数据库系统的开发及应用

“油气田环境监测数据库及应用系统”采用流行的结构化程序设计方法进行设计，利用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋２．１数据库语言、ＴｕｒｂｏＣ语言和汇编语言进行混合编程。系统已在全国２０个油气田和６个总公司直属企业的共７４个单位推广使用，提高了石油系统环境保护工作的现代化和信息化水平。总结了系统的设计开发、功能特点及推广应用情况。     

近年福建沿海的赤潮灾害

近年来,福建沿海主要港湾和养殖区不断有赤潮灾害发生.赤潮爆发不仅破坏生态环境和海洋渔业资源,造成重大经济损失,而且还对人体健康和生命有严重危害.本文就1989年以来发生在福建沿岸的赤潮灾害进行详细报道,同时提出了福建省赤潮灾害的特点及应采取的防治措施.     

旱地间、套种植模式的效益研究及综合评价

本文从产量、经济效益、辅助能效益和光、热利用效益等方面,研究了旱地间、套种植多熟制5种模式的效益,分析了复种指数与光、热资源利用的关系,并用层次分析法(AHP)和系统决策法对各种模式进行了效益综合评价。结果表明,5种模式的优劣顺序是 C→E→DB→A,其中以小麦 蚕豆-玉米 黄豆-红苕和大麦 蚕豆-玉米-红苕两种模式较好;复种指数与光、热资源利用率呈线性正相关.     

膜生物膜反应器研究进展

介绍了一种新型的水处理反应器———膜生物膜反应器 ,该反应器可获得 10 0 %氧利用率 ,可用于生物降解挥发性有机物 ,可同时高效去除有机碳和氨氮 ,是一种很有发展潜力的污水处理工艺